1 源码编译安装
1.1 安装依赖
CentOS：
1
|
sudo yum install -y openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel libffi-devel mariadb-devel xz-devel tk-devel tcl-devel libuuid-devel
|
Debian/Ubuntu：
1
|
sudo apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libssl-dev libncurses5-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev libsqlite3-dev libreadline-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libdb-dev libpcap-dev xz-utils libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev libffi-dev libc6-dev tk-dev tcl-dev uuid-dev
|
1.2 下载
1
|
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/Python-3.13.0.tar.xz
|
1.3 解压
1
|
tar xvf Python-3.13.0.tar.xz -C /tmp
|
1.4 编译
把 Python3.8 安装到 /usr/local 目录：
1
2
3
|
cd /tmp/Python-3.13.0/
./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=/usr/local/python3.13
make -j 4
|
如果出现 bash: make: command not found，需要安装编译工具：
1
2
3
4
|
# CentOS
sudo yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf libtool make
# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install -y gcc automake autoconf libtool make
|
1.5 安装
1
2
3
4
|
make altinstall
...
Successfully installed pip-24.2
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager, possibly rendering your system unusable.It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv. Use the --root-user-action option if you know what you are doing and want to suppress this warning.
|
1.6 设置软链
当输入 python3 回车后提示下面内容：
1
2
|
[root@chaos-1 Python-3.13.0]# python3
bash: python3: command not found
|
设置链接：
1
2
|
ln -s /usr/local/python3.13/bin/python3.13 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3.13/bin/pip3.13 /usr/bin/pip3
|
然后再输入 python3 查看结果：
1
2
3
4
|
[root@chaos-1 Python-3.13.0]# python3
Python 3.13.0 (main, Nov 3 2024, 17:31:54) [GCC 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-4)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
|
2 Python 虚拟环境安装与配置
2.1 Windows
1、安装。安装完之后会在 Python 的可执行路径下安装一个 virtualenv 的 exe 文件
1
|
pip install virtualenvwrapper-win
|
2、使用 mkvirtualenv 命令创建虚拟环境，安装的时候会默认基于 Python 默认版本去新建一个虚拟环境
1
|
mkvirtualenv python_start
|
3、删除虚拟环境
1
|
rmvirtualenv python_start
|
创建的虚拟环境是默认 python 版本，也可以通过 -p 参数指定其他 Python 版本在创建虚拟环境：
1
|
mkvirtualenv -p {Python Path}\python.exe python_start
|
2.2 Linux
1、安装。如果下载比较慢，可以使用镜像
1
2
|
pip3 install virtualenv -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
pip3 install virtualenvwrapper -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
|
2、配置。
找到 virtualenvwrapper.sh 文件。这里不同的 Linux 系统 virtualenvwrapper.sh 路径可能不一致，最好通过 find 命令查询一下。
1
2
|
find / -name 'virtualenvwrapper.sh'
/usr/local/python3.13/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
|
编辑 .bashrc 文件：
在最后添加下面内容：
1
2
3
4
|
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV=/usr/local/python3.13/bin/virtualenv
source /usr/local/python3.13/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
|
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3 这句话表示当使用 virtualenv 去新建 python 虚拟环境的时候会到 /usr/bin/python3 位置去找 python 的可执行文件。
最后执行下面命令重新加载：
3、创建虚拟环境
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
# mkvirtualenv python_start
created virtual environment CPython3.13.0.final.0-64 in 153ms
creator CPython3Posix(dest=/root/.virtualenvs/python_start, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False)
seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/root/.local/share/virtualenv)
added seed packages: pip==24.3.1
activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/python_start/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/python_start/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/python_start/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/python_start/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/python_start/bin/get_env_details
(python_start) [root@chaos-3 Python-3.13.0]# python
Python 3.13.0 (main, Nov 4 2024, 04:09:22) [GCC 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-4)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
|
4、虚拟环境目录
1
2
3
|
(python_start) [root@chaos-3 opt]# ls ~/.virtualenvs/
get_env_details postactivate postmkproject postrmvirtualenv predeactivate premkvirtualenv python_start
initialize postdeactivate postmkvirtualenv preactivate premkproject prermvirtualenv
|
其中 python_start 就是虚拟环境的地址。
5、虚拟环境常用命令
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
# 创建环境名
mkvirtualenv 环境名
# 退出环境
deactivate
# 进入环境
workon 环境名
# 删除环境
rmvirtualenv 环境名
# 列出所有环境
lsvirtualenv
|
2.3 MacOS
1、创建虚拟环境。Python 虚拟环境用于将软件包安装与系统隔离开来。
创建一个新的虚拟环境，方法是选择 Python 解释器并创建一个 ./venv 目录来存放它：
1
|
python3 -m venv --system-site-packages ./venv
|
Windows:
1
|
python -m venv --system-site-packages .\venv
|
使用特定于 shell 的命令激活该虚拟环境：
1
|
source ./venv/bin/activate # sh, bash, or zsh
|
1
|
source ./venv/bin/activate.csh # csh or tcsh
|
1
|
source ./venv/bin/activate.csh # csh or tcsh
|
当虚拟环境处于有效状态时，shell 提示符带有 (venv) 前缀。
在不影响主机系统设置的情况下，在虚拟环境中安装软件包。首先升级 pip：
1
|
pip install --upgrade pip
|
1
|
pip list # show packages installed within the virtual environment
|
之后退出虚拟环境：
1
|
deactivate # don't exit until you're done using TensorFlow
|
我的操作，比如：
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
|
Envs python3 -m venv --system-site-packages ./cat-srvs
➜ Envs source ./cat-srvs/bin/activate
(cat-srvs) ➜ Envs pip list
Package Version
---------------- ---------
certifi 2020.12.5
chardet 4.0.0
idna 2.10
jsonrpclib-pelix 0.4.2
pip 21.0.1
requests 2.25.1
setuptools 49.2.1
urllib3 1.26.3
WARNING: You are using pip version 21.0.1; however, version 21.1.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin/python3.9 -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
(cat-srvs) ➜ Envs pip install --upgrade pip
Requirement already satisfied: pip in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages (21.0.1)
Collecting pip
Downloading pip-21.1.3-py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 1.5 MB 349 kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Attempting uninstall: pip
Found existing installation: pip 21.0.1
Uninstalling pip-21.0.1:
Successfully uninstalled pip-21.0.1
Successfully installed pip-21.1.3
(cat-srvs) ➜ Envs pip list
Package Version
---------------- ---------
certifi 2020.12.5
chardet 4.0.0
idna 2.10
jsonrpclib-pelix 0.4.2
pip 21.1.3
requests 2.25.1
setuptools 49.2.1
urllib3 1.26.3
(cat-srvs) ➜ Envs deactivate
➜ Envs
|
更新日志
- 2024.11.04 更新 Python 版本为 3.13
